Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)
- EMDR is a structured therapy designed to help people recover from distressing or traumatic life experiences.
- It works by addressing emotional wounds and mental blocks that can develop when events feel overwhelming or remain unprocessed.
- Using carefully developed protocols, EMDR supports the brain’s natural capacity to heal by helping the information-processing system move toward resolution.
- The approach follows an eight-phase framework and uses eye movements or other forms of bilateral stimulation to reduce the emotional intensity of painful memories.
- Over time, distressing experiences can be integrated in a way that feels less charged and more manageable.
- Unlike CBT, EMDR relies primarily on the client’s own emotional processing, rather than on cognitive restructuring or interpretation led by the therapist.
Internal Family Systems (IFS)
- Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a psychotherapy approach that understands the mind as made up of different “parts,” rather than a single, unified self.
- These parts often develop in response to difficult or overwhelming experiences, especially when we have needed to cope or protect ourselves.
- Some parts work hard to manage life and prevent pain, while others may carry emotions such as fear, shame, or anger.
- IFS invites a gentle, compassionate exploration of these parts, helping them feel heard rather than pushed away.
- At the centre of the model is the “Self” — a calm, steady presence within each person that can lead with clarity and confidence.
- Therapy focuses on strengthening this Self-leadership so protective and wounded parts can heal, leading to greater emotional balance and self-understanding.
Compassion focussed therapy
(CFT)
- CFT can be especially helpful for those who struggle with shame, harsh self-criticism, or feelings of inadequacy, often rooted in early experiences.
- The approach develops self-compassion skills to help regulate mood and increase feelings of safety, acceptance, and emotional balance.
- CFT works with three core emotional systems: the threat and protection system, the drive and achievement system, and the soothing and safeness system.
- It recognises that our brains are shaped by evolution and can easily become stuck in survival responses — sometimes referred to as the “tricky brain.”
- Therapy helps clients understand how older survival mechanisms (such as fight or flight) interact with more complex emotions like shame and self-criticism.
- When these systems become imbalanced, distress can increase. CFT aims to restore balance and build a kinder, more supportive internal relationship.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
- CBT explores the relationship between our thoughts, feelings, physical sensations, and behaviours.
- These elements are closely connected, so making changes in one area can positively influence the others.
- When we feel anxious or distressed, it’s easy to fall into patterns of thinking and reacting that unintentionally maintain the problem.
- CBT helps bring these patterns into awareness so they are no longer automatic or unnoticed.
- Therapy involves developing practical strategies and testing small, manageable changes to create more helpful ways of responding.
- Between-session practice (often called homework) supports applying these skills in everyday life.
- CBT is a well-established, evidence-based approach shown to be effective for a wide range of difficulties.
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